The utility of conjugated conductive polymers, having a combination of properties between metals and plastics depend on their potentialities in a number of growing technologies. Considering the properties of the conductive polymers and a spinnable polymer, polyaniline and polyacrylonitrile have been employed for wet spinning. For filament production of poly acrylonitrile/polyaniline BLENDs a bench scale wet spinning apparatus has been set up. FIBERS from polyacrylonitrile and poly aniline of various BLENDs ratios are produced. Some physical and electrical resistance of these filaments is examined. The treshhold limit for conductance in the BLEND was 0.16% of polyaniline. The higher concentration of poly aniline enhances the conductivity at the expense of the mechanical properties. The physical and mechanical behaviors of the filaments are discussed.

BLEND FIBERS of silk fibroin and polyamide 6 were prepared by the wet spinning method. The effects of BLEND ratio were studied on the tensile strength and elongation-at-break of cast films and wet spun FIBERS. It was found that the tensile strength and elongation-at-break of the wet spun FIBERS decreased with the increase of fibroin weight ratio in the BLENDs. However, FIBERS with good mechanical properties can be prepared up to 30% fibroin in the BLEND. SEM observation showed a nearly circular cross sectional shape for the prepared FIBERS. FTIR of the FIBERS with different BLEND ratios were recorded and discussed.

Increasing growth of using PET bottles has effected made some impacts on different methods of improving their recycling processes. One of the most important feasible methods for this purpose is mechanical recycling. In this research, PP/PET BLEND FIBERS with different percentages of PET, in two groups including recycled and virgin PET, were prepared by melt spinning method and their properties have been compared. Testing in this study has been included tensile test, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of tensile test, tensile strength of FIBERS with recycled PET is lower than FIBERS including virgin PET but their elongation-at-break shows higher values. According to OM and SEM micrographs, in both of these groups including virgin and recycled PET, a lack of continuity is observed in moderate percentage. In general the results show that samples with recycled PET have comparable properties with ones including virgin PET.

PP/PEP BLENDs, because of different solubility factors, are incompatible. The aim of this research was to use PP-g-MA compatibilizer in a two-component BLEND. After preparing this compatibilizer in internal mixer and investigating different parameters on producing process, optimum compatibilization was obtained. PP/PET (60/40) BLEND FIBERS with different percentages of this compatibilizer in two groups, including recycled and. virgin PET were prepared. The results show that PP-g-MA causes smaller PET phase in FIBERS including vir- gin PET but in FIBERS with recycled PET, up to 5 wt% of compatibilizer, the cross-section uniformity is reduced. In addition, by increasing compatibilizer, the mechanical properties of two groups including recycled and virgin PET, at first increase and then decrease. Cold drawing causes increase in crystallinity and therefore enhancement of tensile strength. It is obvious that FIBERS with recycled PET and compatibilized FIBERS demonstrate better mechanical properties by cold drawing.

BLEND of PP/PET is an immiscible composition because of the difference between solubility coefficient and lack of attraction between polar/non-polar polymers. For inducing required miscibility in the BLEND, various compatibilizers are used. In this research, PP-g-MA is being employed. This copolymer is produced from the chemical reaction and grafting between maleic anhydride (MA), dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and polypropylene (PP) The effect of adding DCP concentration (at constant MA) increases the grafting efficiency on PP and on the other hand, enhancing MA concentration (at constant DCP) decreases grafting efficiency. The results indicate that PP-g-MA makes PET fibrillar to become smaller and it also makes the phases to become closer. It is found however that using this compatibilizer, specially in large amount, decreases the mechanical properties of the BLEND.

Polyurethane (PU)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) BLENDs having different weight ratios (80: 20, 60: 40, 50: 50, 40: 60 and 20: 80) were prepared in a suitable solvent environment. A new non-woven fiber surface with a single structure was obtained from the prepared PU/PLA BLEND solutions by electrospinning method. The effect of different weight ratios on the characteristic properties of PU/PLA FIBERS was investigated. The obtained electrospun mats were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile and contact angle tests. The most homogeneous fiber distribution was observed at the structure of 6PU/4PLA (60PU: 40PLA w/w) nanofiber. Besides, this fiber was determined to have the highest strength and tensile strain-at-break. Among all FIBERS, the highest contact angle was observed for 8PU/2PLA (80PU: 20PLA w/w) fiber, indicating a hydrophobic structure. According to the DSC results, the melting values of the soft and hard segments of pure PU showed only a melting peak. In XRD results, all electrospun mats which were obtained by BLENDing PLA and PU showed a semi-crystalline structure with low crystallinity. However, these specified FIBERS showed the thinnest diameter. Thanks to PU/PLA FIBERS, a new, thinner and more flexible biodegradable surface with perfectly good physical and mechanical properties was obtained. It is expected that the obtained PU/PLA FIBERS will find a wide range of applications in filtration, liquid-repellent surfaces, medical as wound dressing, and industrial fields.

Immature capitulum of gerbera cultivar of Tropic BLEND, after disinfection and removal of sepals, divided into four parts, and cultured on 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/l TDZ and 0.1 mg/l IAA. The remainings were also cultured in 1/2MS medium, supplemented with 5, 10 and 15 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l IAA. Cultures were incubated in dark conditions and then transferred to the light. There was not any proliferation in 1/2 MS medium suplemented with different concentrations of BAP. The highest number of plantlets was obtained in 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.05 mg/l TDZ. For prolifration, plantlets were produced in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/l kinetin. The highest and lowest number of plantlets were producted in MS medium with 2 and 8mg/l kinetin and 1 mg\l IAA, respectively. The highest number of leaves was produced in 2 and 4 mg/l kinetin. For rooting, plantlets were cultured in MS medium supplemeted with 0.5 and 1 mg/l NAA. The highest number of roots was produced in MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA. For acclimatization the rooted plantlets were transferred into pots. They were throughly acclimized.

The color of the BLENDs of pre-colored FIBERS depends on the ratio of each fiber in the BLENDs. Some theories have been introduced for color matching of BLENDs of pre-colored FIBERS. Most however, are restricted in scope and accuracy. Kubelka and Munk presented the most applicable theory, which is still used in industry. In this work, the classical Kubelka-Munk method for color prediction of a series of grays, prepared from different ratio of black and white is compared with new technique, which apply neural networks. Thirteen different BLENDs with different ratio of virgin and black FIBERS were prepared. The reflection of samples was measured and then a two layers network was designed. The modified back-propagation learning strategy was applied. The Sum of Squares Error was calculated for evaluation of methods. Results showed better prediction for networks in comparison to Kubelka-Munk algorithm.